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The Golden Age of Porn, or porno chic, refers to a period in commercial American pornography that began in 1970 with the film ''Mona'', produced by Bill Osco, the first adult erotic film depicting explicit sex to receive wide theatrical release in the United States. ''Mona'' influenced the making, in 1972, of the film ''Deep Throat'', directed by Gerard Damiano. Following mentions by Johnny Carson on his popular TV show, ''Deep Throat'' achieved major box office success, despite being rudimentary by mainstream standards. In 1973, the far more accomplished, but still low budget, film ''The Devil in Miss Jones'', also directed by Damiano, was the seventh most successful film of the year, and was well received by major media, including a favorable review by film critic Roger Ebert.〔 It became obvious that box office returns of very low budget pornographic films could fund further advances in the technical and production values of porn, making it extremely competitive with Hollywood films. There was concern that, left unchecked, the vast profitability of such films would lead to Hollywood being influenced by pornography.〔〔 Prior to the 'Golden Age of Porn', thousands of U.S. state and municipal anti-obscenity laws and ordinances held that participating in the creation, distribution or consumption of pornography constituted criminal action. Multi-jurisdictional interpretations of obscenity made pornographic films highly susceptible to prosecution and criminal liability for obscenity, thereby greatly restricting their distribution and profit potential. However, the US Supreme Court's 1973 decision in Miller v. California, narrowing the definition of obscenity, resulted in dramatically fewer obscenity prosecutions nationwide. Freedom in creative license, higher movie budgets and payouts, and a 'Hollywood Mindset' all intertwined to set the stage for the 'Golden Age' of American pornography. Video supplanted film in the 1980s as the preferred medium for pornography, which quickly reverted to being extremely low budget and openly gratuitous. As a consequence, the era of theatrically released pornographic films with relatively high production values has since been called the adult industry's 'Golden Age'. ==Background== Pornographic films were produced in the early 20th century as "stag" movies, intended to be viewed at male gatherings or in brothels. In the United States, social disapproval was so great that men in them sometimes attempted to conceal their face by subterfuge, such as a false mustache (used in ''A Free Ride'') or even being masked. Very few people were ever identified as appearing in such films; and performers were often presumed to have been prostitutes or criminals. Vincent Drucci is said to have performed in a pornographic film made in 1924.〔http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id111.htm, ''My Al Capone Museum'' ("Vincent 'The Schemer' Drucci" ), Mario Gomes, accessed 14/6/14〕 Candy Barr, who appeared in the 1950s ''Smart Alec'', was virtually unique among those appearing in stag films, having attained a degree of celebrity through her participation. In the US, during the late 1960s, there was regular semi-underground production of pornographic films on a modest scale. After answering New York newspaper advertisements for nude models, Eric Edwards and Jamie Gillis, among others, appeared in these films, which were silent black and white 'loops' of low quality, often intended for peep booth viewing in the proliferation of adult video arcades around Times Square. The product of the New York porn industry was distributed nationwide by underworld figure Robert DiBernardo, who commissioned the production of much of the so-called 'Golden Age' era films made in New York. Although not the first adult film to obtain a wide theatrical release in the US, none had achieved a mass audience, and changed public attitude toward pornography, as ''Deep Throat'' did. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Golden Age of Porn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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